Design and analysis of a highefficiency, costeffective solar concentrator john h. How to view the 2017 solar eclipse safely a solar eclipse occurs when the moon blocks any part of the sun. The 10 mw solar one power tower was developed in southern california in 1981, but the parabolictrough technology of the nearby solar energy generating systems segs, begun in 1984, was more workable. The main drawback of passive solar still is its lower efficiency and distillation. Concentrated solar power csp generates solar power by using mirrors to concentrate a large area of sunlight onto a small area. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. The study found that concentrated solar power could account for up to 25% of the worlds energy needs by 2050. The trade off is that for a modest increase in complexity can we achieve a substantial increase in productivity. Part of the converted solar energy was stored in the thermal energy storage tes system. Pdf csp technologies are well developed and offer many advantages compared to other renewable energy options. Concentrated solar power has been under investigation for.
Basin type solar still is one of the breakthroughs of the. Concentrating solar power and water issues in the u. Concentrated photovoltaic market cpv industry report, 20182025. But they arent the deadliest energy source for our feathered friends. Feb 19, 2014 both abengoa and solarreserve store concentrated solar radiation in molten salts, providing valuable energy production during evening peak hours. Pdf humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Pdf experimental study on various solar still designs. Modification and operation of a full solar distillation desalination. In areas where a solar still or a transpiration bag would be needed such as arid desert regions, the water produced is not sufficient for long term survival. Mit has improved the passive solar still a solar still, you say. The projects aim to make improvements to current stateoftheart and nearcommercial systems, produce repeatable results, and include. A solar still uses the greenhouse affect to trap energy from the sun.
It was a good year for solar power in the usa, with over six gigawatts of photovoltaic pv capacity and more than one gigawatt of concentrated solar power csp being added in 2014, bringing the nations total solar power capacity to more than 17 gigawatts. An additional 4 gigawatts has been deployed internationally. Objective of this paper was to find a low cost portable and easily maintainable passive solar still for southern part of bangladesh. In a parabolic solar trough concentrator, the crosssection of the. Concentrated solar power plants with molten salt storage. Solar desalination projects will reduce the lcow by lowering the lcoh, which will result in more efficient desalination processes and lower overall capital and integration costs for solarthermal desalination. Csp uses only the beam component of solar radiation direct normal irradiance, and so its maximum. All solar thermal power systems have solar energy collectors with two main components. A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. View the concentrating solar thermal power fact sheet pdf. Nov 14, 2010 concentrating solar power csp systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.
Life cycle assessment of concentrated solar power csp and. Pdf modeling of a novel concentrated solar still enhanced. The industry is still at a nascent stage, owing to which, it is mostly used for special purposes. A concentrated solar still is a system that uses the same quantity of solar heat input same solar collection area as a simple solar still but can produce a volume of freshwater that is many times greater. A solarstill is a simple device primarily used to obtain potable water from salinebrackish water. A steadystate model is proposed, showing the effect of various parameters on the still performance. A working fluid thermal oil in this study absorbed the concentrated solar energy and transferred it to the power block q sg.
The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a. Concentrated solar power simple explanation youtube. Thats a 41% increase in solar power capacity in just one year. On monday, august 21, 2017, a solar eclipse will be visible weather permitting across all of north america.
A realistic expectation of electricity production from. As the still immature solar energy market has grown we have learned more about different technologies and their ideal application. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Nrel plays a critical role in csp research by coupling a wide range of capabilities, supported by facilities and tools, with an expert staff having almost 200 personyears of csprelated experience. Solar technology is chiefly deployed in areas with direct sunlight. Solar still is a cheap and very useful renewable technology, which can be used in bangladesh extensively everywhere at the rooftop as a pure water source. Solar thermal powerelectric generation systems collect and concentrate sunlight to produce the high temperature heat needed to generate electricity.
Its applicability for treating biological and chemical contaminants including heavy metals is also promising. The special active ingredient formula cleans solar glass and reduces the surface tension which bonds dirt and dust. The method uses a compressed gas such as carbon dioxide or air as a heat transfer medium in the collectors cstc and transferring the heat by depositing it on a bed of heatresistant solids and later, recovering the heat by a second circuit of the. Solar power towers are vaporizing birds popular science. A method for storing heat from a solar collector cstc in concentrating solar power plants and delivering the heat to the power plant pp when needed. Study into solarstill performance under sealed and. Concentrated solar power csp technologies produce electricity by concentrating the suns rays to heat a medium usually a liquid or gas that is then used in a heat engine process steam or gas turbine to drive an electrical generator. A thermal model for predicting the performance of a solar still with.
The paper is linked from tfa and available in both html and pdf formats. The 354 mw segs is still the largest solar power plant in the world, and will remain so until the 390 mw ivanpah power tower project comes online. The solar still that we designed and built produced roughly one to two liters of water per square meter of glass surface per day. Solana provides up to six hours of power after the sun goes down, while crescent dunes is designed to offer up to 10 hours of storage. While a single solar still is a way of distilling water by using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from a water source and ambient. Department of energy this report is being disseminated by the department of energy. Longevity still to be proven production growing at high rate lower efficiencies. European research on concentrated solar thermal energy. Like solar cells, solar thermal systems, also called concentrated solar power csp, use solar energy to produce electricity, but in a different way. The procedures entitled concentrated solar thermal technologies. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. Concentrated solar thermal energy technologies recent.
Aug 26, 20 solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. Concentrated solar power an overview sciencedirect topics. Setting concentrated solar power and distributed solar power exemplifiers. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where. View the concentrating solarthermal power fact sheet pdf. The former involves the use of solar cells to generate electricity directly via the photoelectric effect. Vita paper provides a good deal of information on how a. In my opinion the current solar still designs are not a viable option for water procurement. Ptcs focused the direct normal irradiance dni into a focal tubular receiver. This is mainly due to having multiple components separate solar collector, boiler, and condenser. Though it is old, primitive tool, but is still useful for many people. Solar stills aston publications explorer aston university. Concentrating solar power csp technologies use mirrors to concentrate focus the suns light energy and convert it into heat to create steam to drive a turbine that generates electrical power. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Solar thermal concentrated power is an emerging technology that provides clean electricity for the growing energy market. Commercially viable and quickly expanding, this type of solar technology requires strong, direct solar. The aim of this paper is to quantify the sustainability of csp and to analyse how this is affected by. A transpiration bag is another option that would help supplement a water supply. This paper introduces a new design of solar stills utilizing concentration, porous evaporation, internal condensation, and thermosephonic circulation. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. As such, the document was prepared in compliance with section 515 of the treasury and general government. The solar power tower is a catchy name for one of the options of harvesting solar energy today. This is the type of solar power that uses thousands of mirrors over hundreds of acres to reflect sunlight on. The latter employs different methods of capturing solar thermal energy for use in powerproducing heat processes. Solar one operated successfully from this concentrating solar power system uses mirrors to focus highly concentrated sunlight onto a receiver that converts the suns heat into energy. On the one hand, the flat panel photovoltaic cells, typically made of silicon, are the bestknown form of solar technology, while the.
Computeraided design, modeling and simulation of a new. Understanding concentrated solar reflection concentrated sunlight reflecting off certain surfaces like energy efficient windows and onto vinyl siding can create enough heat to melt the siding surface. A solarstill generally comprises no moving parts and requires little maintenance. If we subtract these and lowwind areas not likely to be developed, we are still left with 40 to 85 tw for wind and 580 tw for solar, each far beyond future human demand. To the solar thermal concentrated power plant systems belong the parabolic trough, the fresnel collector, the solar dish, and the central receiver system. Concentrating solar power csp plants use mirrors to concentrate the suns energy to drive traditional steam turbines or engines that create electricity. The solar desalination funding program will explore novel technologies that use solar thermal energy to assist in creating freshwater from otherwise unusable waters like seawater, brackish water, and contaminated water.
A steadystate mathematical model of the still has been proposed and simulated. The worlds largest concentrated solar power plant is now up and running, but the technology is losing out to cheaper photovoltaic solar power. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in. Subtopics under concentrated solar thermal technologies and applications listed in the book are solar field. While a simple solar still is a way of distilling water by using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from a water source and ambient air to cool a condenser film, a concentrated solar. Dec 06, 2017 a concentrated solar still is a system that uses the same amount of solar heat input same solar collection area as a simple solar still but can produce a volume of water that is many times greater. Much of the effort through may was focused on assuring that the still was airtight and vapor loss was eliminated. The solarstill process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. Top 10 things you didnt know about concentrating solar power. The thermal energy concentrated in a csp plant can be stored and used to produce electricity when it is needed, day or night. Concentrated solar power csp is a power generation technology that uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate the suns rays and, in most of todays csp systems, to heat a fluid and produce steam. For instance, with a solar collection area of 10 acres, a standard solar still operating at a typical 25% efficiency may produce as much as 27.
Concentrated solar power csp and concentrated photovoltaics cpv are conversions of solar light to heat or electricity in the similar way that conventional solar power or pv cells do but utilize curved optical systems to focus sunlight to small areas for maximum efficiency fig. Solar thermal power systems use concentrated solar energy. Progress in thermochemical energy storage for concentrated. The subtopics under concentrated solar thermal technologies and applications included in the book are solar field. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report.
Solar still production is a function of solar energy insolation and ambient temperature. I have already published two posts on csp, but these were written some time ago, so its time for an update. Cleans, protects and improves efficiency in 1 step. Jul 05, 2018 euan mearns and didier sornette are still writing up the results of the energy matters energy game for publication and have asked me to investigate the applicability of concentrated solar power aka solar thermal generation in central europe as part of that investigation. Vita paper provides a good deal of information on how a wide variety of concentrating solar collectors work. In chapter 21, which is the last chapter of the regular text, we discuss solar fuels, which allow to store solar energy on the long term in the form of chemical energy. A broad classification of the solar stills is depicted in the table. This plant was erected over an area of 7 km 2 and feeds about 800 million kwh per year into the grid.
Modeling of a novel concentrated solar still enhanced with a. Vinyl siding solar reflection vinyl siding institute vsi. A concentrated solar still is a system that uses the same quantity of solar heat input same solar. Concentrated solar power csp murray power and generation. However, most of the concentrated solar power plants in operation today are still at the prototype or demonstration phase and are dependent upon subsidies to make them. This concentrated solar still collects the suns energy. Csp plants generate electric power by using mirrors to. Concentrated solar power plants belong to the category of clean sources of renewable energy. Reif department of computer science, duke university, durham, nc 27707 usa and.
Solar desalination clean water from solar energy pdf. A new concentrated solar still with a porous evaporator and an internal condenser. Most solar thermal systems use a solar collector with a mirrored surface to focus sunlight onto a receiver that heats a liquid. Modeling of a novel concentrated solar still enhanced with. Us7954321b2 solar power plant and method andor system. The measurements of solar radiation intensity in this solar still prototype show the maximum value of 1425 wm 2 that is close to the value of 1410 wm 2 from computeraided simulation.
Csp and cpv may have a broader future compared with previous semiconductorbased cells as the advantages. This technology uses computercontrolled mirrors spread over thousands of hectares to reflect sun beams towards the solar power station where water is heated to high temperatures to create steam and produce electricity with a generator. If the still wasnt given a chance for concentrated brine to diffuse back out through the wicks and into the source. The paper discusses the possibilities for the use of molten salts as storage in modern csp plants. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from uttar pradesh technical. The superheated liquid is used to make steam to produce. Solar stills are one of the simplest ways of desalination. Alternative methods of solar energy are discussed in part v. This report is available at no cost from the national renewable energy laboratory nrel at. Mit has improved the passive solar still metafilter. While its not common, it is important to know how to prevent. In solar still, saline water is evaporated by solar heat and condensed to become fresh water.
The concentrated solar still can produce as much as 20x more water than the theoretical maximum of a standard solar still and in practice, can produce as much as 30x the volume. A concentrated solar still is a system that uses the same amount of solar heat input same solar collection area as a simple solar still but can produce a volume of water that is many times greater. It can be simply made out of lowcost common material, such as plastic sheet or bottles. Concentrated solar power csp electricity produced by steam. In contrast, thermochemical energy storage is a relatively new concept, which is still in the stage of basic test and verification. Mar 26, 2014 concentrating solar power csp plants based on parabolic troughs utilise auxiliary fuels usually natural gas to facilitate startup operations, avoid freezing of htf and increase power output. Thus, the best csp sites are often located in areas with. Of course, wind and sun out in the open seas, over high mountains and across protected regions would not be available. In chapter 20 we introduce different concepts related to solar thermal energy. Concentrated solar distillation as a means to purify saline. The concentrated sunlight can raise the collector temperature to about 1200f a very detailed set of plans are included be careful understanding solar concentrators. I have already published two posts on csp, but these were written.
Concentrated solar power csp is the most likely candidate for providing the majority of this renewable energy, because it is amongst the most. Solar pool heating hot water for pools solar water heating swh or solar thermal hot water for domestic use dhw all courtesy of doenrel. The proceedings entitled concentrated solar thermal technologies. Most solar thermal power generation systems, currently demonstrated and operated in the world, adopt the method of sensible thermal energy storage.
Concentrating solar power csp technology involves using mirrors, sometimes in the hundreds of thousands, to reflect sunlight and collect solar heat to generate electricity. Combined solar concentration, porous evaporator, internal condenser and passivity. Besides increasing efficiency, it may also shift their area of application. Design and analysis of a highefficiency, costeffective. Performance, cost, reliability, and tradeoffs are major factors taken into consideration by manufacturers in the global market for concentrated photovoltaic. Concentrated solar still wikipedia republished wiki 2. Euan mearns and didier sornette are still writing up the results of the energy matters energy game for publication and have asked me to investigate the applicability of concentrated solar power aka solar thermal generation in central europe as part of that investigation. Download concentrated solar thermal energy technologies. One of the objectives of this paper is to design a solar still that is easy to be manufactured and highly affordable. The updated suns river solar still operated with nighttime recovery of.
Nontracking concentrating solar technologies, when used in a cogeneration system, offer lowcost electricity, albeit at lower efficiencies an approach that seems to be most suitable in rural. While the solar still alone will not produce enough water to meet the daily drinking water needs of a rajasthani. Concentrating solar power t he limited supply of fossil hydrocarbon resources and the negative impact of co 2 emissions on the global environment dictate the increasing usage of renewable energy sources. We believe that this yield can be increased through design alterations. A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from rajasthan technical university, kota session 2012 guided by. Jul, 2014 in this video, i give a simple explanation on how concentrated solar power csp works. In addition to providing electricity, csp technologies are also moving into emerging markets that include process heat, solar fuels, and desalination. Concentrating solar power commercial application study. The increase in investment would be from 2 billion worldwide to 92.
Reducing water consumption of concentrating solar power electricity generation report to congress u. Concentrated solar power csp is a method of electric generation fueled by the heat of the sun, an endless source of clean, free energy. Spain is the leader in concentrated solar power technology, with more than 50 governmentapproved projects in the works. We expect that our design will achieve a greater potable water production rate than that of the solar basin still. Receiver and generator concentrator individual dishengine systems. Concentrated solar thermalelectrical plants are solar power plants that make use of solar radiation, primarily in the infrared ir range, to generate electricity.
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